Transcript:

An interesting pattern emerges if you look at the size of planets and their nature. I'll give you an example.

So Earth has a certain size, whatever the size is, and the unique thing about Earth is that it's a rocky planet with a very thin atmospheric layer. So, it's a thin atmospheric layer followed by a rocky surface.

This structure holds all the way to 30% larger radius, which means 1.3 times the radius of Earth. If the planet is that big, this structure will hold. It will have a thin atmosphere with a rocky surface.

For planets like Neptune and Uranus, which are 4× the radius of Earth, they have a thick volatile gas cloud followed by a rocky surface.

And for planets that are 10× the size of Earth, like Jupiter and Saturn, they are gases. There is no solid surface. It's all gas. They are called gas giants.

Interestingly, between 5× to 9× the radius of Earth, there are hardly any planets. It's very interesting. Nobody knows why, but that's how it is.